Table 3 Antimicrobial peptides at each study point according to randomisation group and mode of delivery.

From: Analysis of immune, microbiota and metabolome maturation in infants in a clinical trial of Lactobacillus paracasei CBA L74-fermented formula

 

α-defensins (ng/g)

β-defensin2 (ng/g)

Cathelecidin LL-37 (ng/g)

T0

T2

T0

T2

T0

T2

Vaginal delivery

Formula S (median)

1.65 ± 2.4

0.29 ± 1.7

68.2 ± 29.8

70.3 ± 34.7

1.8 ± 2.5

1.7 ± 4.0

Formula F (median)

2.2 ± 2.2

3.0 ± 2.8

69.7 ± 31.1

96.9 ± 82.6

1.9 ± 0.9

2.6 ± 3.3

Breast milk (range)

0.13–9.55

0.24–5.36

23.2–116.5

34.8–123.1

1.0–4.4

1.7–28.4

Caesarean section

Formula S (median)

1.3 ± 1.2

0.2 ± 0.4

55.6 ± 25.1

65.6 ± 21.4

1.8 ± 1.3

1.4 ± 1.6

Formula F (median)

1.6 ± 1.4

0.1 ± 2.4

62.8 ± 22.9

64.7 ± 23.3

1.6 ± 1.9

3.7 ± 1.8

Breast milk (range)

0.5–4.9

0.04–10.6

11.3–119.1

3.78–108.7

1.2–11.9

1.6–14.6

  1. All values are expressed as median ± SD or range. A repeated measures Friedman non-parametric test was used to compare immunological parameters between groups (n = 13/group).
Back to article page