Fig. 1: Activating OFC projection to V1 reduces response amplitude of V1 neurons.
From: Orbitofrontal control of visual cortex gain promotes visual associative learning
a Left, schematic of CTB injection in V1. Right, Representative fluorescence images of CTB injection in V1 and retrograde labeled neurons in the ventrolateral OFC. b Left, virus strategy to visualize OFC axons in V1. Right, representative fluorescence images of V1-projecting OFC neurons and their terminals in V1. The experiments in a and b were repeated >3 times with similar results. c Left, schematic of measuring V1 visual responses with and without activating OFC axons. Right, tuning curves of a V1 neuron with (blue) and without (black) laser stimulation of OFC axons. d Mean firing rate (firing rate averaged overall orientations) of V1 neurons with laser-on vs. laser-off. Anesthetized mice (blue): P = 5.2 × 10−6, n = 102 neurons; awake mice (magenta): P = 6.53 × 10−5, n = 62 neurons. e Distribution of rate change indexes for V1 neurons in anesthetized (P = 2.6 × 10−8) and awake mice (P = 3.81 × 10−5). f TTX was infused to the OFC, in which AAV-hSyn-ChrimsonR-GFP had been injected, to block the antidromic spikes induced by laser stimulation in V1. White rectangle shows the placement of the cannula. g TTX infusion into the OFC abolished multi-unit activity in the OFC evoked by laser stimulation in V1. Upper trace, without TTX; Lower trace, with TTX infusion into the OFC. h Distribution of rate change indexes of V1 neurons recorded with TTX infusion into the OFC. P = 2.33 × 10−12, n = 118 neurons from awake mice. i, Orientation selectivity index (OSI) with laser-on vs. laser-off. Anesthetized mice (blue): P = 0.36, n = 102; awake mice (magenta): P = 0.99, n = 62. For d, e, h, i AAV-CaMKIIα-hChR2 (H134R)-mCherry and AAV-hSyn-ChrimsonR-GFP were injected in the OFC for anesthetized and awake mice, respectively. Wilcoxon two-sided signed rank test. For d, e, h, i source data are provided as a Source Data file. Shadings, mean ± s.e.m.
