Fig. 4: SST–PVALB difference tracks inter-regional variation in cortical brain function.

a RSFA across each of the 400 Schaefer atlas parcels, averaged across 9713 UKB subjects. b Between-subject hierarchical clustering of residualized RSFA reveals 7-clusters cortical partitions with similar amplitude signatures; Light beige = limbic A, dark beige = limbic B, teal = cingulo-opercular, orange = temporal-parietal, red = prefrontal, blue = somato/motor, and purple = visual. c Relative presence of SST–PVALB is negatively correlated (Pearson’s) with cortical RSFA (r(337) = −0.53, p < 2.2e−16). d Across all deconvolved cell types, RSFA is most negatively spatially correlated (Pearson’s) to SST cell fractions (frontal cortex signature: r(337) = −0.48, p < 2.2e−16; visual cortex signature: r(337) = −0.36, p = 1.2e−11) and most positively correlated to PVALB cell fraction (frontal cortex signature: r(337) = 0.47, p < 2.2e−16; visual cortex signature: r(337) = 0.34, p = 1.7e−10). e Across frontal cortex (n = 272) and visual cortex (n = 240) cell type pairs, the relative difference of SST and PVALB cell fractions is most spatially associated with cortical RSFA.