Fig. 3: δ1- and δ2-dyamics following enforced and spontaneous extended waking.
From: Rapid fast-delta decay following prolonged wakefulness marks a phase of wake-inertia in NREM sleep
a δ1- and δ2-dynamics across wake (W) to NREMS transitions during recovery from 6 h SD differed (red squares represent significant differences; paired t-tests, p < 0.05, n = 38). Lines represent regressions to saturating exponential functions fitted to 4 s values starting at NREMS-episode onset (time constants: δ1 = 44.8 s, δ2 = 8.1 s). b SDs starting at light onset (ZT0) of different lengths (2-, 4-, and 6 h; n = 7/group). δ1 showed an effect only across subsequent quantiles (one-way rANOVA factor time: F2,36 = 9.2, p = 0.0006), whereas δ2 was sensitive to the length of SD (two-way rANOVA factors time × SD length: F4,36 = 5.0, p = 0.003), and different from δ1 (three-way rANOVA factors time × SD length × sub-band: F4,72 = 3.2, p = 0.02). Asterisks represent post-hoc significance (p < 0.05) for differences from first quantile (red), or for δ1 vs. δ2 (black). c Effect of time-of-day at which SD ends on δ1 and δ2. Asterisks same as in b (one-way rANOVA factor SD-end; δ1: F3,30 = 3.86, p = 0.02; δ2: F3,30 = 3.92, p = 0.02; n = 8/group). Black circles represent individual datapoints (d) NREMS following prolonged spontaneous waking (1.6 ± 0.1 h) during the baseline dark period showed initial increases for δ2-power which then decreased across subsequent NREMS episodes, whereas δ1 did not (two-way rANOVA factors sub-band × time: F15,1110 = 4.9, p = 2.2E-09). Red lines in d (post-hoc tests, p < 0.05, n = 38). Data is presented as mean values ±s.e.m. indicated as either error bars or shaded areas.
