Fig. 6: Control experiments and mechanistic investigations.
From: Cobalt-catalyzed highly enantioselective hydrogenation of α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids

a Hydrogenation of ester 1b′ under standard conditions. b Hydrogenation of ester 1b′ in the presence of catalytic amount of CH3COOH. c Reaction of ester 1b′ in the presence of catalytic amount of 1b. d Deuterium-labeling experiment. e Hydrogenation of 1b in isopropanol-d8 with CH3COOD as additive.