Fig. 4: Spatial distribution of astrocytic Ca²⁺ signals across sleep-wake states.

a Representative astrocytic Ca²⁺ activity maps outlining areas active during episode 1 (green) and episode 2 (blue) of each of the sleep-wake states, and the overlap between the active areas (red). Scale bar 50 μm. In all 165 FOVs were compared. b Every dot represents a single FOV. Red dots are FOVs with only wakefulness sub-states whereas black dots are FOVs with only sleep sub-states. (Left) The probability, under the null model of no state-specificity in activation, of the observed degree of overlap between episodes of different states relative to the degree of overlap between episodes of the same state (locomotion-locomotion, whisking-whisking, quiet wake-quiet wake, NREM-NREM, IS-IS, REM-REM). Only FOVs below dashed line (p = 0.05) have a significant effect of state (representing some degree of state-specific overlap in activity). (Right) The degree of overlap within episodes of the same state relative to the total degree of overlap between episodes of same and different states (a high R² value indicates that episodes within the same state are very similar, while episodes from different states are very different). c Same as b but for FOVs with both sleep and wakefulness sub-states. n = 6 mice, 165 unique FOVs, 3793 episodes. Statistical analysis by use of permutational multivariate analysis of variance. For details on statistical analyses, see “Methods”.