Fig. 4: PL characteristics of perovskites and the trap passivation.

a PL spectrum of pristine MAPbBr3 film (black), film with 2.4 mol% of ANI (red), and 2.4 mol% of BnA (green). b PL lifetime curves of pristine MAPbBr3 film (black), film with 2.4 mol% of ANI (red), and 2.4 mol% of BnA (green). c PL spectra of MAPbBr3 film with different amount of BnA and magnified PL spectra at low wavelength region (inset). d Normalized PL spectra of MAPbBr3 film with different amount of BnA.