Fig. 4: Design of an on-chip dually modulated photonic-crystal laser array.

a Schematic diagram of a dually modulated photonic-crystal laser array. Each lasing area is electrically isolated by isolation grooves. Lasers at each intersection of p- and n-line electrodes can be selectively operated by driving the corresponding line electrodes. b Designed angles (\(\theta\) and \(\phi\)) of 100 laser elements (10 × 10) in the array. The emission angle definitions are shown in the inset.