Fig. 6: Demonstration of 2D beam scanning by selective driving of elements of the 10 × 10 matrix array.

a (Top two rows) Scanning polar angles (from \(\theta = 0^\circ\) to \(45^\circ\)) with fixed azimuthal angles (\(\phi = 0^\circ/180^\circ\) or \(90^\circ/270^\circ\)). (Bottom row) Parallel 2D beam scanning of both top rows simultaneously. b (Top row) Scanning azimuthal angles (from \(\phi = 0^\circ/180^\circ\) to \(45^\circ/225^\circ\)) with fixed polar angle \(\theta = 20^\circ\). (Middle row) Scanning polar angles (from \(\theta = 0^\circ\) to \(45^\circ\)) with fixed azimuthal angle \(\phi = 90^\circ\!/270^\circ\). (Bottom row) Parallel 2D beam scanning of both top and middle rows simultaneously.