Fig. 3: Characterizations of a Cu-doped Ag thin film.
From: Ultrathin-metal-film-based transparent electrodes with relative transmittance surpassing 100%

a Atomic force microscopy (AFM) characterizations of a Cu-doped Ag thin film. The scale bar is 100 nm. b Measured relative permittivity (ε = ε1 + iε2) values as a function of free-space wavelength of Cu-doped Ag and pure Ag. The shaded region refers to the visible range (400–700 nm), over which our DMD electrode is optimized.