Table 1 (Photo-)electrolysis performances.
System | # | Electrolyte | t (h) | Eapplied (V vs. RHE) | \(j_{{\mathrm{total}},{\mathrm{TiO}}_{2}}\) (mA cm−2) | \(\eta_{{\mathrm{CO}}_{2}/{\mathrm{CO}}}\) (mV) | CO | H2 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
FE [Select.] (%) | TONc | FE [Select.] (%) | |||||||
EC | 1 | 0.1 M KHCO3 CO2 sat. (pH = 6.8) | 2 | −0.51 | 1.22 | 400 | 63 [80] | 1002 | 16 [20] |
2 | 0.1 M KH2PO4/K2HPO4 Ar sat. (pH = 6.8) | 2 | −0.51 | 3.00 | NA | 0 [0] | NA | 86 [100] | |
PV–EC | 3 | 0.1 M KHCO3 CO2 sat. (pH = 6.8) | 2 | 0.14 | 0.90 | −250 | 80 [80] | 941 | 20 [20] |
4 | 0.1 M KHCO3 CO2 sat. (pH = 6.8) | 2 | −0.06 | 3.25 | −50 | 96 [87] | 4060 | 14 [13] | |
5a | 0.5 M KHCO3 CO2 sat. (pH = 7.2) | 7 | −0.03 | 1.78 | −80 | NR [82] | NR | NR [18] | |
PEC | 6 | 0.1 M KHCO3 CO2 sat. (pH = 6.8) | 2 | −0.06 | 0.81 | −50 | 89 [97] | 8031 | 3 [3] |
7b | 0.1 M KHCO3 CO2 sat. (pH = 6.8) | 2 | −0.06 | 0.05 | −50 | 0 [0] | NA | 31 [100] |