Fig. 4: The complexation of 1 with C60 in solution.

a Partial 1H NMR spectra of 1.0 mM 1 with different equivalents of fullerene C60 in o-DCB-d4 (400 MHz, 298 K). b Visualized host–guest interactions between 1 (0.6 mM) and C60 (0.3 mM) in o-DCB. c UV–vis absorption spectra of C60 upon titrating with 1 from 0 to 7 equivalents. Inset: titration curves at λ = 520 nm. *Residual peaks of deuterated solvent.