Fig. 4: Results of the efficacy study.

a Rotational assays of methamphetamine-injected rats. Two-way ANOVA and Sidak’s multiple comparison test, adjusted p value: *** = 0.0002 and ****<0.0001. b–e Representative images of the brain of a rat (number of animals = 8 for cell transplantation and 6 for saline injection) after transplantation and stained for b TH, c HNA (green) and TH (magenta), d TH (green) and FOXA2 (magenta), and e HNA (green) and GFAP (magenta). Bars in b = 1 mm, c = 50 μm, and d, e = 100 μm. R = right side of brain. f–h Representative images of the brain of a rat after transplantation and DAB stained for TH. g, h Magnified images of the boxes in f. Bars in f = 1 mm and g, h = 100 μm. i–k A magnetic resonance imaging (i) of the transplanted monkey and representative images (j, k) of the graft stained for TH. Arrowhead in i shows the grafts. Bars in j = 1 mm and k = 50 μm. l–n Representative H–E staining of the brain of a monkey after transplantation (m is a magnification of l, and n is a magnification of m). Bars in l = 5 mm, m = 1 mm, n = 200 μm. b–n Number of cell preparations = 2 and number of animals = 3.