Table 1 Biodiversity trends.

From: Meta-analysis of multidecadal biodiversity trends in Europe

  

Abundance

Richness

Diversity

Turnover

Overall trend

z

−1.4

2.95

2

3.59

 

d.f.

152

160

160

160

 

p

0.162

0.003

0.045

0.003

Biogeoregion

Wald-type test of model coefficients

QM

24.397

65.83

21.23

38.6

 

d.f.

8

9

9

9

 

p

0.002

<0.001

0.012

<0.001

Atlantic

z

−2.73

   
 

p

0.006

   

North Sea

z

2.73

5.77

2.55

−2.42

 

p

0.006

<0.001

0.011

0.015

Black Sea

z

 

3.41

2.67

−2.73

 

p

 

<0.001

0.008

0.006

Boreal

z

 

4.35

2.09

2.05

 

p

 

<0.001

0.037

0.04

Alpine

z

   

3.79

 

p

   

<0.001

Continental

z

   

2.49

 

p

   

0.01

Realm

Wald-type test of model coefficients

QM

4.17

22.75

12.58

13.15

 

d.f.

3

3

3

3

 

p

0.243

<0.001

0.006

0.004

Freshwater

z

 

2.73

  
 

p

 

0.006

  

Marine

z

 

3.9

3.37

 
 

p

 

<0.001

<0.001

 

Terrestrial

z

   

3.25

 

p

   

0.001

Taxonomic group

Wald-type test of model coefficients

QM

 

24.67

57.09

20.06

 

d.f.

 

8

8

8

 

p

 

0.002

<0.001

0.01

Terrestrial invertebrates

z

−2.95

   
 

p

0.003

   

Birds

z

 

4.11

4.78

 
 

p

 

<0.001

<0.001

 

Aquatic invertebrates

z

 

2.42

2.26

 
 

p

 

0.015

0.024

 

Benthic algae

z

  

−5.33

 
 

p

  

<0.001

 

Plants

z

   

3.7

 

p

   

<0.001

  1. Biodiversity trends for the whole dataset (overall trends) and within the different biogeoregions, realms and taxonomic groups, as resulting from meta-analysis mixed models. Note that only significant results (p ≤ 0.05) are reported for the biogeoregion, realm and taxonomic group-specific analysis.
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