Fig. 3: Claudin-low subgroups show distinct gene expression signatures relative to their differentiation status.

a GSEA comparing global gene expression of each claudin-low subgroup from the METABRIC cohort to the two others. The three pathways with the highest and lowest enrichment scores are represented (>15,000 tested pathways—NES ranking). b, c Gene expression analysis for each molecular subtype of (b) MaSC1/2/3, LP, and mL1/2 transcriptomic signatures (generated from Morel et al.18 data) and (c) previously published MaSC, LP, and mL transcriptomic signatures (from Lim et al.14 publication). The CL1 subgroup displays strong stemness features, whereas CL2 and CL3 present luminal- and basal-like transcriptomic characteristics, respectively. Wilcoxon tests. Boxplot: center line, median; box limits, upper and lower quartiles; whiskers, minimum to maximum; all data points are shown. Basal tumors (n = 129); HER2 tumors (n = 102); luminal A tumors (n = 461); luminal B tumors (n = 429); CL1 tumors (n = 10); CL2 tumors (n = 17); CL3 tumors (n = 18). GSEA: gene-set enrichment analysis; LP: luminal progenitor; MaSC: mammary stem cell; mL: mature luminal; NES: normalized enrichment score.