Fig. 2: Electromigration of electrically connected nanoantenna arrays.
From: Light phase detection with on-chip petahertz electronic networks
a Applied voltage (blue) and current (orange) across a plasmonic nanoantenna array during the electromigration process. Electromigration transformed a short-circuit array into an open-circuit array. b SEM image of a connected plasmonic nanoantenna array after electromigration. The wire position Xwire ≈ 114 nm. The electrical connecting wires were broken and disconnected during electromigration. Inset: zoomed-in image of the connected bow-tie nanoantenna and the broken connecting wire. c If all the bow-tie nanoantennas along a connecting wire were disconnected to begin with, the wire was not affected and remained intact. d If there were shorted bow-tie nanoantennas (red dashed circles) along a connecting wire, the wire was broken via electromigration, eliminating the corresponding nanoantenna column from the functional device. In c&d, only part of the bow-tie nanoantennas along a connecting wire are shown in the image (but all the nanoantennas were inspected with the SEM).
