Fig. 4: B-site cation defect-induced magnetic ordering at the interface.
From: The emergence of magnetic ordering at complex oxide interfaces tuned by defects
a Schematics of X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) measurement setup. Total electron yield (TEY) detection is obtained through excitation by using circularly polarized light (ρ+/ρ−) in normal incidence while applying an external magnetic field along the out-of-plane <001> directions. b A 20 K X-ray absorption spectra at the O K-edge of a B-site cation-deficient 9-u.c. LAO/STO sample, grown by Eg = 0.6 J/cm2. The energy positions of the O-hybridized bands are estimated by the theoretical electronic structure calculations of the bulk LAO and STO. c O K-edge XMCD spectra, measured by swapping the applied fields, B = +6 and −6 T. d Schematics of consecutive atomic charge compensation via Ti out-diffusion and the resulting defect ordering and formation of magnetic moments across the interface. e A 5 K Magnetic hysteresis loops along [100], [110] and [001] crystallographic directions of the B-site cation-deficient 9-u.c. LAO/STO sample. f Temperature vs. magnetic moment for the 9-u.c. LAO/STO sample, measured at a magnetic field of 1 kOe along the out-of-plane [001] and in-plane [100] directions. FC represents the sample that is cooled down from RT to 5 K applying a field of 40 kOe, while ZFC represents a sample that is cooled down to 5 K without any field applied.
