Fig. 1: SNWD routes, water storage, and precipitation in Beijing.
From: South-to-North Water Diversion stabilizing Beijing’s groundwater levels
a Central (SNWD-C, light blue line) and eastern (SNWD-E, dark blue line) routes of the SNWD (South-to-North Water Diversion), capitals of provinces and Beijing and Tianjin Municipalities (red triangles) in North China, and the NCP (North China Plain, the green polygon). The western route is still being designed and not shown. b Mean GW depths at the end of each year and corresponding annual precipitation anomalies during 1981‒2019 (the first two numbers of the years are omitted in these figures for brevity), with a mean annual precipitation (MAP) of 540 mm year−1 for the period. c Monthly SW and GW storage anomalies (or GW depths, see the “Methods” section and Supplementary Fig. 1) and associated monthly precipitation anomalies during 2005‒2019. The climatology of monthly precipitation for calculating the precipitation anomalies was derived from the 2002‒2019 period.
