Fig. 1: Mechanical model predicts several characteristic morphologies.
From: Collective cell mechanics of epithelial shells with organoid-like morphologies
a Schematics of the model epithelial shell with a lumen of volume vlumen (expressed in units of cell volume Vcell) indicated in cyan, and a cell with apical, lateral, and basal sides; also indicated are the dimensionless apical and basal tensions α and β, respectively. b T1 transition. c Representative shapes with Nc = 300 cells, vlumen = 100, and \({k}_{{\rm{T}}1}^{(0)}=0\): spherical (α = 1.2, β = 1.2), stomatocyte (α = 0.7, β = 0.5), and budded (α = 1.5, β = 0.3) morphologies. Panel d shows model epithelial shells at the same Nc and vlumen but with \({k}_{{\rm{T}}1}^{(0)}=200\): spherical (α = 1.2, β = 1.2), stomatocyte (α = 0.5, β = 1.1), budded (α = 1.1, β = 0.5), and branched (α = 0.7, β = 0.5) morphologies. e Phase diagram of the Nc = 300, vlumen = 100, and \({k}_{{\rm{T}}1}^{(0)}=0\) shapes in the (α, β) plane. f Phase diagram at the same Nc and vlumen as in panel e but with \({k}_{{\rm{T}}1}^{(0)}=200\). g Reduced volume v vs. tissue tension α + β. The solid cyan line is a theoretical prediction of the relation in non-spherical shapes [Eq. (3)].
