Fig. 5: Alteration of total IκBα by MP.

a Immune cell atlas depicting differences in total IκBα (arcsinh ratio) between the control (n = 30 patients) and MP (n = 28 patients) group at 1, 6, and 24 h after surgery. Blue/red cluster colors indicate increased/decreased signaling in the MP group, respectively (two-sided Wilcoxon rank-sum test). MP treatment resulted in increased total IκBα in both the adaptive (CD4⁺T_mem, CD4⁺T_naive, CD8⁺T_naive and CD8⁺T_mem, contoured in green) and the innate compartment (CD56^loCD16⁺ NK cells, mDCs, cMCs, ncMCs, M-MDSCs and DCs, contoured in orange, which was most prominent at 6 and 24 h after surgery. b, c Box-plots depict total IκBα in manually gated immune cell subsets corroborating observations contained in the immune atlas. Select immune cell subsets for which MP’s effect on total IκBα was most pronounced (CD8⁺ T_naive and CD8⁺ T_mem, cMCs, and neutrophils) are shown. All boxplots show median values, interquartile range, and whiskers of 1.5 times interquartile range. (Two-sided Wilcoxon rank-sum test, *p < 0.01, **p < 0.001, ***p < 0.0001). Exact p-values are available in Supplementary Table 2.