Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics.

	Non-healthcare control	Healthcare control	IMIDs cytokine INH	IMIDs non-cytokine INH
	N = 971	N = 285	N = 534	N = 259
Demographic characteristics
Age, mean ± SD, years	43.2 ± 14.3	40.3 ± 12.7	48.9 ± 15.7	55.3 ± 16.1
Females, N (%)	274 (28.2)	189 (66.3)	285 (53.4)	152 (58.7)
BMI, mean ± SD	26.5 ± 6.0	23.6 ± 4.4	26.4 ± 5.8	26.4 ± 4.5
Smoking, N (%)	181 (18.6)	35 (12.3)	94 (17.6)	40 (15.4)
Diabetes, N (%)	59 (6.1)	12 (4.2)	42 (7.9)	14 (5.4)
Hypertension, N (%)	117 (12.0)	8 (2.8)	145 (27.2)	75 (29.0)
Chronic lung diseases, N (%)	67 (6.9)	7 (2.5)	46 (8.6)	16 (6.2)
Type of IMID
SpA, N	0	0	117 (21.9)	34 (13.1)
RA, N	0	0	130 (24.3)	106 (40.9)
IBD, N	0	0	176 (33.0)	14 (5.4)
Psoriasis, N	0	0	63 (11.8)	28 (10.8)
Other^a, N	0	0	48 (9.0)	77 (29.7)
Treatment
TNF Inhibitors, N (%)	0	0	227 (42.5)	0
IL-6 Inhibitors, N (%)	0	0	44 (8.2)	0
IL-23 Inhibitors, N (%)	0	0	85 (15.9)	0
IL-17 Inhibitors, N (%)	0	0	51 (9.6)	0
JAK Inhibitors, N (%)	0	0	39 (7.3)	0
Others^b, N (%)	0	0	88 (16.5)	0

BMI body mass index, IBD inflammatory bowel disease, IL interleukin, IMID immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, INH inhibitor, JAK Janus kinase, RA rheumatoid arthritis, SpA spondyloarthritis, TNF tumor necrosis factor
^aSystemic lupus erythematosus, primary Sjogren’s syndrome, systemic sclerosis, polymyositis, IgG4-related disease, sarcoidosis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, adult onset Still’s disease, periodic fever syndromes, Behcet’s disease, autoimmune hepatitis, giant cell arteritis, takayasu arteritis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, polymyalgia rheumatica.
^bAbataceptra, anakinra, apremilast, belimumab, canakinumab, etrolizumab, mepolizumab, rituximab, vedolizumab.

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