Fig. 4: Reliability and stability evaluations.

a Photograph of a PEI/ITIC composite film (0.25 vol.% ITIC) of 20 × 30 cm2 area. An A4 paper sheet is stacked underneath the film as a reference. b Characteristic breakdown strength and discharged energy density tested at different regions (as marked in the inset photograph) of the large PEI/ITIC film at 200 °C. The average values and max–min error bars of the results were obtained from five parallel samples. c Characteristic breakdown strength and the retention rate with increasing the electrode diameter at 200 °C of PEI, PEI/ITIC (0.25 vol.% ITIC) and PEI/BNNS (10 vol.% BNNS). d Cyclic performance of PEI, PEI/ITIC (0.25 vol.% ITIC) and PEI/BNNS (10 vol.% BNNS) measured with 20-mm-diameter electrode at 200 °C and 200 MV m−1 electric field.