Fig. 3: Simulation results of a spatiotemporal beam exhibiting both rotation and revolution at a given distance. | Nature Communications

Fig. 3: Simulation results of a spatiotemporal beam exhibiting both rotation and revolution at a given distance.

From: Dynamic spatiotemporal beams that combine two independent and controllable orbital-angular-momenta using multiple optical-frequency-comb lines

Fig. 3

For the generated rotating-revolving LG3,0 beam revolving at 0.2 THz, we simulate its a frequency spectrum; b spatial \(LG_{\ell ,p}\) mode distribution, namely the amplitude and phase of the complex coefficients \(C_{\ell ,p}\) of all the \(LG_{\ell ,p}\) modes used for superposition; c envelope structure (i.e., the iso-surface with an amplitude of 1/10 of the peak value), where the top cap represents the helically twisting phasefront; d power distribution on light beams with different rotating \(\bar \ell\) values; and e dynamically rotating and revolving intensity/phase profiles. Scale bar, 1 mm. The spatiotemporal beam consists of multiple frequency comb lines, in which each line is a superposition of multiple \(LG_{\ell ,p}\) modes (same beam waist of 0.3 mm) with one \(\ell\) value but multiple p values. The dynamic helical phasefront and envelope indicate that the beam not only rotates around its beam center but also revolves around another central axis 0.75 mm away from its center. freq.: frequency.

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