Fig. 2: In situ Co K-edge X-ray absorption.

a Co K-edge XANES spectra of py-B12 at various operando biases (insert shows the first-derivative spectrum). b The XANES and Δμ-XANES spectra obtained the sample at a bias of 0.6 V (vs. RHE) and in the as-prepared state. c The phase-corrected Fourier transforms EXAFS (k3-weighted) obtained at various operando biases. d The EXAFS spectrum, which was obtained under a bias of 0.6 V (vs. RHE), is fitted with three different models. The region highlighted in soybean color was the fitting region. All the signals were collected on a home-built spectroelectrochemical cell with catalyst loading of 100 mg cm−2 and under O2-saturated 0.1-M HClO4 solution.