Fig. 3: An illustration of phase space density enhancements in L* and time for different acceleration mechanisms.
From: Local heating of radiation belt electrons to ultra-relativistic energies

The gray contour marks the evolving L* extent of the phase space density enhancement. Profiles for inward radial diffusion and local acceleration are shown in (a) and (b), respectively. The combination of local acceleration and outward radial diffusion is shown in (c) and local acceleration coupled with inward radial diffusion in (d).