Fig. 2: Δbd0314 shows a delayed prey exit phenotype.

Comparison of time required from progeny separation to the first exit of B. bacteriovorus HD100 wild type vs. Dsl- family mutant strains (Δbd0314, Δbd1440, and bd1413EQmc) and complemented strain (Δbd0314::pK18-bd0314) from prey cell bdelloplast remnants monitored by epifluorescence time-lapse microscopy. Bdelloplasts were placed on a 1% agarose slide ~3 h post-infection of E. coli S17-1::pMAL-p2_mCherry (generating fluorescent prey periplasm and cytoplasm) and observed for another 4 h 40 min to determine backlit predator progeny septation and any exit34. Median values and interquartile range are shown as black lines. Data originate from at least two independent biological replicates (n = 45 for each strain, except for Δbd1440, where n = 21). The two-tailed p-values are derived from the Mann–Whitney test (ns non-significant, p-values are presented in the figure).