Table 1 Demographic and clinicopathological characteristics.
From: Predicting distant metastasis and chemotherapy benefit in locally advanced rectal cancer
Primary cohort (n = 176) | Validation cohort 1 (n = 154) | Validation cohort 2 (n = 150) | Validation cohort 3 (n = 149) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years, mean ± SD) | 57.3 ± 12.7 | 55.7 ± 12.4 | 56.3 ± 10.1 | 56.6 ± 11.7 | |
Sex (%) | Male | 108 (61.4%) | 101 (65.6%) | 96 (64.0%) | 101 (67.8%) |
Female | 68 (38.6%) | 53 (34.4%) | 54 (36.0%) | 48 (32.2%) | |
Clinical stage (%) | II | 87 (49.4%) | 23 (14.9%) | 42 (28.0%) | 53 (35.6%) |
III | 89 (50.6%) | 131 (85.1%) | 108 (72.0%) | 96 (64.4%) | |
Clinical T stage (%) | 2 | 9 (5.1%) | 2 (1.3%) | 0 | 0 |
3 | 91 (51.7%) | 108 (70.1%) | 116 (77.3%) | 119 (79.9%) | |
4 | 76 (43.2%) | 44 (28.6%) | 34 (22.7%) | 30 (20.1%) | |
Lymph node status (%) | LN negative | 84 (47.7%) | 25 (16.2%) | 42 (28.0%) | 37 (24.8%) |
LN positive | 92 (52.3%) | 129 (83.8%) | 108 (72.0%) | 112 (75.2%) | |
Location (%) | >10 cm | 31 (17.6%) | 103 (66.9%) | 11 (7.3%) | 12 (8.1%) |
5–10 cm | 65 (36.9%) | 50 (32.5%) | 81 (54.0%) | 93 (62.4%) | |
<5 cm | 80 (45.5%) | 1 (0.6%) | 58 (38.7%) | 44 (29.5%) | |
Preoperative serum CEA (%) | <5 | 109 (61.9%) | 81 (52.6%) | 114 (76.0%) | 98 (65.8%) |
≥5 | 67 (38.1%) | 73 (47.4%) | 36 (24.0%) | 51 (34.2%) | |
Neoadjuvant therapy (%) | Yes | 63 (35.8%) | 154 (100%) | 81 (54.0%) | 86 (57.7%) |
No | 113 (64.2%) | 0 | 69 (46.0%) | 63 (42.3%) | |
Adjuvant chemotherapy (%) | Yes | 117 (66.5%) | 51 (33.1%) | 123 (82.0%) | 115 (77.2%) |
No | 59 (33.5%) | 103 (66.9%) | 27 (18.0%) | 34 (22.8%) | |
Adjuvant radiotherapy (%) | Yes | 10 (5.7%) | 1 (0.6%) | 26 (17.3%) | 3 (2.0%) |
No | 166 (94.3%) | 153 (99.4%) | 124 (82.7%) | 146 (98.0%) | |
Surgery procedure (%) | Dixon + preventive ileostomy | 27 (15.3%) | 26 (16.9%) | 24 (16.0%) | 38 (25.5%) |
Dixon | 83 (47.2%) | 45 (29.2%) | 63 (42.0%) | 97 (65.1%) | |
Miles | 53 (30.1%) | 77 (50.0%) | 53 (35.3%) | 13 (8.7%) | |
Hartmann | 13 (7.4%) | 6 (3.9%) | 10 (6.7%) | 1 (0.7%) | |
Surgery approach (%) | Open resection | 119 (67.6%) | 52 (33.8%) | 129 (86.0%) | 9 (6.0%) |
Laparoscopic resection | 57 (32.4%) | 102 (66.2%) | 21 (14.0%) | 140 (94.0%) | |
pN stage (%) | 0 | 80 (45.5%) | 92 (59.7%) | 86 (57.3%) | 101 (67.8%) |
1 | 66 (37.5%) | 43 (27.9%) | 41 (27.3%) | 24 (16.1%) | |
2 | 30 (17.0%) | 19 (12.3%) | 23 (15.3%) | 24 (16.1%) | |
pT stage (%) | 0 | 4 (2.3%) | 35 (22.7%) | 27 (18.0%) | 0 |
1/2 | 24 (13.6%) | 30 (19.5%) | 26 (17.3%) | 26 (17.4%) | |
3/4 | 148 (84.1%) | 89 (57.8%) | 97 (64.7%) | 123 (82.6%) | |
LVI (%) | Positive | 51 (29.0%) | 6 (3.9%) | 25 (16.7%) | 12 (8.1%) |
Negative | 125 (71.0%) | 148 (96.1%) | 125 (83.3%) | 137 (91.9%) | |
PNI (%) | Positive | 18 (10.2%) | 15 (9.7%) | 27 (18%) | 11 (7.4%) |
Negative | 158 (89.8%) | 139 (90.3%) | 123 (82%) | 138 (92.6%) |