Table 1 Demographic and clinicopathological characteristics.

From: Predicting distant metastasis and chemotherapy benefit in locally advanced rectal cancer

 

Primary cohort (n = 176)

Validation cohort 1 (n = 154)

Validation cohort 2 (n = 150)

Validation cohort 3 (n = 149)

Age (years, mean ± SD)

57.3 ± 12.7

55.7 ± 12.4

56.3 ± 10.1

56.6 ± 11.7

Sex (%)

Male

108 (61.4%)

101 (65.6%)

96 (64.0%)

101 (67.8%)

Female

68 (38.6%)

53 (34.4%)

54 (36.0%)

48 (32.2%)

Clinical stage (%)

II

87 (49.4%)

23 (14.9%)

42 (28.0%)

53 (35.6%)

III

89 (50.6%)

131 (85.1%)

108 (72.0%)

96 (64.4%)

Clinical T stage (%)

2

9 (5.1%)

2 (1.3%)

0

0

3

91 (51.7%)

108 (70.1%)

116 (77.3%)

119 (79.9%)

4

76 (43.2%)

44 (28.6%)

34 (22.7%)

30 (20.1%)

Lymph node status (%)

LN negative

84 (47.7%)

25 (16.2%)

42 (28.0%)

37 (24.8%)

LN positive

92 (52.3%)

129 (83.8%)

108 (72.0%)

112 (75.2%)

Location (%)

>10 cm

31 (17.6%)

103 (66.9%)

11 (7.3%)

12 (8.1%)

5–10 cm

65 (36.9%)

50 (32.5%)

81 (54.0%)

93 (62.4%)

<5 cm

80 (45.5%)

1 (0.6%)

58 (38.7%)

44 (29.5%)

Preoperative serum CEA (%)

<5

109 (61.9%)

81 (52.6%)

114 (76.0%)

98 (65.8%)

≥5

67 (38.1%)

73 (47.4%)

36 (24.0%)

51 (34.2%)

Neoadjuvant therapy (%)

Yes

63 (35.8%)

154 (100%)

81 (54.0%)

86 (57.7%)

No

113 (64.2%)

0

69 (46.0%)

63 (42.3%)

Adjuvant chemotherapy (%)

Yes

117 (66.5%)

51 (33.1%)

123 (82.0%)

115 (77.2%)

No

59 (33.5%)

103 (66.9%)

27 (18.0%)

34 (22.8%)

Adjuvant radiotherapy (%)

Yes

10 (5.7%)

1 (0.6%)

26 (17.3%)

3 (2.0%)

No

166 (94.3%)

153 (99.4%)

124 (82.7%)

146 (98.0%)

Surgery procedure (%)

Dixon + preventive ileostomy

27 (15.3%)

26 (16.9%)

24 (16.0%)

38 (25.5%)

Dixon

83 (47.2%)

45 (29.2%)

63 (42.0%)

97 (65.1%)

Miles

53 (30.1%)

77 (50.0%)

53 (35.3%)

13 (8.7%)

Hartmann

13 (7.4%)

6 (3.9%)

10 (6.7%)

1 (0.7%)

Surgery approach (%)

Open resection

119 (67.6%)

52 (33.8%)

129 (86.0%)

9 (6.0%)

Laparoscopic resection

57 (32.4%)

102 (66.2%)

21 (14.0%)

140 (94.0%)

pN stage (%)

0

80 (45.5%)

92 (59.7%)

86 (57.3%)

101 (67.8%)

1

66 (37.5%)

43 (27.9%)

41 (27.3%)

24 (16.1%)

2

30 (17.0%)

19 (12.3%)

23 (15.3%)

24 (16.1%)

pT stage (%)

0

4 (2.3%)

35 (22.7%)

27 (18.0%)

0

1/2

24 (13.6%)

30 (19.5%)

26 (17.3%)

26 (17.4%)

3/4

148 (84.1%)

89 (57.8%)

97 (64.7%)

123 (82.6%)

LVI (%)

Positive

51 (29.0%)

6 (3.9%)

25 (16.7%)

12 (8.1%)

Negative

125 (71.0%)

148 (96.1%)

125 (83.3%)

137 (91.9%)

PNI (%)

Positive

18 (10.2%)

15 (9.7%)

27 (18%)

11 (7.4%)

Negative

158 (89.8%)

139 (90.3%)

123 (82%)

138 (92.6%)

  1. CEA carcinoembryonic antigen, pN pathological nodal stage, pT pathological tumor stage, LVI lymphovascular invasion, PNI perineural invasion.