Fig. 10: Evaluation of immune regulation 7 days after operation.

a IL-4 immunofluorescence single labeling and TNF- α, IL-10 immunofluorescence double labeling (scale bars were 50 µm, 4 independent experiments). Quantitatively analysis of b IL-4 immunofluorescence, c IL-10 and TNF-α immunofluorescence (n = 5, all values were mean ± std. dev., ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001 when comparing MSaP-aL/p and other groups via two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey’s post hoc test). Spinal cord specimens of IL-4 (d), TNF-α (e), IL-1β (f), IL-10 (g), and TGF-β (h) gene expression levels were assessed by qRT-PCR. Serum levels of IL-4 (i), TNF-α (j), IL-1β (k), IL-10 (l), and TGF-β (m) were assessed by ELISA (n = 3, qRT-PCR and ELISA values were mean ± std. dev., *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001 when comparing MSaP-aL/p and other groups via one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey’s post hoc test).