Fig. 3: Photocatalytic antibacterial effects of TiO2/GDY and TiO2 in vitro.
MRSA were treated with TiO2, TiO2/GDY or PBS, with or without UV (365 nm, 2 W cm−1) irradiation. a, b Photos of agar plates and quantitative analysis of bacterial colonies. c Live/dead stained images of MRSA biofilms with photocatalytic treatment (scale bar = 10 μm). d Semiquantification of the live/dead staining for the ratio of PI- and calcein AM-stained areas. e SEM images of MRSA biofilms after exposure to photocatalytic treatment with nanofibers; yellow arrowheads in the magnified inset images indicate holes on the bacterial surface; scale bar = 5 μm (upper), 10 μm (below). f Quantitative analysis of radical oxygen species (ROS) in MRSA 5, 20, and 60 min after photocatalytic treatment. g Fluorescence images of ROS in bacteria for 24 h (FITC-tagged probes); scale bar = 100 μm. The data of b, d and f are shown as the mean ± S. D., error bars = Standard Deviation (n = 3 independent experiments, one-way ANOVA was applied in b, d, and multiple t test was applied in f for statistical analysis, *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001). Source data of b, d, f are provided as a Source Data file.
