Fig. 4: Osteogenic effect of TiO2/GDY and TiO2 in vitro. | Nature Communications

Fig. 4: Osteogenic effect of TiO2/GDY and TiO2 in vitro.

From: Graphdiyne-modified TiO2 nanofibers with osteoinductive and enhanced photocatalytic antibacterial activities to prevent implant infection

Fig. 4

MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured with TiO2, TiO2/GDY or PBS under osteogenic induction. a Alkaline phosphatase activity (upper labeled ALP) and Alizarin Red S staining (lower labeled ARS) on day 14. b, c Semiquantitative analysis of ALP activity and ARS staining. d Loading capacity of dexamethasone on TiO2/GDY (TG0.25, TG0.5) and TiO2 nanofibers for 24 h. Scale bar = 100 μm. The data are shown as the mean ± S.D., error bars = Standard Deviation (n = 3 independent experiments). One-way ANOVA was applied for statistical analysis in b, c (*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001). Source data of b–d are provided as a Source Data file.

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