Fig. 5: Antibacterial and osteogenic effects of TiO2/GDY in vivo. | Nature Communications

Fig. 5: Antibacterial and osteogenic effects of TiO2/GDY in vivo.

From: Graphdiyne-modified TiO2 nanofibers with osteoinductive and enhanced photocatalytic antibacterial activities to prevent implant infection

Fig. 5

a, b Photographs and quantitative analysis of the bacterial colonies of the infected femurs treated with TiO2, TiO2/GDY, or PBS as a control, with UV irradiation (365 nm, 2 W cm−1, 5 min). The data are shown as the mean ± S.D., error bars = Standard Deviation (n = 3 biological independent samples, one-way ANOVA was applied for statistical analysis, *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001). c SEM images of the mouse femur tissues with TiO2 or TiO2/GDY nanofiber implantation after 5 days, with ×5000 (left) and ×10,000 (right) magnification, scale bar = 10 μm (left), 5 μm (right). (n = 3 biological independent samples). d H&E staining and immunohistochemical staining of infected tissues after 5 days. Orange dotted lines in the H&E images represent infectious and necrotic areas; between the orange and blue dotted lines are new bone formation areas (scale bar = 500 μm). OPN 40×: scale bar = 50 μm; OPN 10×: scale bar = 100 μm, and red arrowheads point out OPN-positive osteoblasts. (n = 3 biological independent samples). e Masson staining for bone formation after 4 weeks (scale bar = 500 μm). “N” in the PBS image represents the necrotic tissue in the bone marrow. (n = 3 biological independent samples.) Source data of (b) are provided as a Source Data file.

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