Fig. 5: The YRO regulates resistance to heat stress and protein homoeostasis.

a Viability of cells removed from the bioreactor after heat treatment (55 °C, 2 min) is greatest at the end of LOC, when the abundance of trehalose and osmolytes are greatest. Percentage of heat-treated cells, corrected for viability of non-heat-treated cells harvested at the same time (OWA, n = 3 biological replicates). b Sensitivity of HOC protein synthesis rate to pH and hyperosmotic stress assayed by puromycin incorporation (gly, 10% glycerol; srb, 1 M sorbitol, n = 4 biological replicates). c Strains deficient in glycogen synthesis (gsy2) or glycogen breakdown (gph1) do not initiate YROs and, d, gph1 strains accumulate aggregated protein, showing that glycogen breakdown is necessary for proteostasis. Representative silver-stained gel (two-sided unpaired t-test, n = 4). e A detailed, testable and experimentally derived model for the YRO. Green arrows/lines represent activation/repression, red arrows represent ATP production/stimulation of ATP production, black arrows represent predicted metabolic flux, see key for further details. Data are shown as mean ± SEM. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.