Table 1 Demographics and baseline characteristics of the randomized participants in Intervention Groups.
From: Gut microbiome-related effects of berberine and probiotics on type 2 diabetes (the PREMOTE study)
Characteristic | Plac (n = 103) | Prob (n = 102) | BBR (n = 98) | Prob + BBR (n = 106) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (IQR), years | 54 (46–61) | 54 (45–59) | 53 (42–61) | 53.5 (47–60) |
Male sex, no. (%) | 61 (59.2) | 65 (63.7) | 59 (60.2) | 60 (56.6) |
Diabetes duration, months | 5 (3–9) | 5 (3–10) | 6 (3–11) | 5 (3–11) |
Body weight, kg | 72.1 ± 12.5 | 71.9 ± 11.8 | 71.1 ± 13.6 | 70.9 ± 11.1 |
Body mass index, kg m−2a | 26.2 ± 3.43 | 25.6 ± 2.96 | 25.7 ± 3.43 | 25.5 ± 2.86 |
Waist circumference, cm | 91.9 ± 9.0 | 91.6 ± 8.5 | 90.7 ± 9.6 | 90.6 ± 8.2 |
Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 129.0 ± 14.2 | 128.6 ± 13.8 | 127.9 ± 14.5 | 126.0 ± 12.7 |
Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 80.3 ± 8.9 | 80.5 ± 8.3 | 79.3 ± 9.3 | 78.7 ± 9.0 |
HbA1c, %b | 7.81 ± 0.81 | 7.78 ± 0.82 | 7.68 ± 0.76 | 7.66 ± 0.82 |
HbA1c, mmol/molc | 61.86 ± 14.64 | 61.53 ± 14.54 | 60.44 ± 15.19 | 60.22 ± 14.54 |
Fasting plasma glucose, mmol L−1 | 8.13 ± 1.48 | 8.39 ± 1.55 | 8.16 ± 1.55 | 8.07 ± 1.32 |
Post-load plasma glucose, mmol L−1 | 15.04 ± 2.58 | 14.80 ± 3.29 | 14.22 ± 3.23 | 14.39 ± 3.17 |
Fasting serum insulin (IQR), μIU ml−1 | 11.75 (8.00–17.43) | 10.67 (8.55–15.16) | 9.96 (7.00–16.03) | 10.10 (7.54–14.00) |
Post-load serum insulin (IQR), μIU ml−1 | 48.12 (35.99–82.90) | 45.27 (34.33–64.60) | 54.63 (31.27–69.77) | 44.40 (32.35–64.33) |
Fasting serum C peptide (IQR), ng ml−1 | 2.73 (2.08–3.38) | 2.50 (2.08–3.29) | 2.53 (1.99–3.08) | 2.43 (2.11–3.25) |
Post-load serum C peptide (IQR), ng ml−1 | 7.65 (5.86–9.58) | 7.06 (5.69–8.79) | 7.52 (5.83–9.16) | 7.11 (5.75–9.59) |
Triglyceride (IQR), mmol L−1 | 1.44 (1.06–1.91) | 1.51 (1.02–2.40) | 1.54 (1.09–2.26) | 1.66 (1.19–2.35) |
Total cholesterol, mmol L−1 | 5.18 ± 0.97 | 5.24 ± 1.04 | 4.99 ± 1.06 | 5.25 ± 0.94 |
HDL cholesterol, mmol L−1 | 1.25 ± 0.28 | 1.20 ± 0.27 | 1.22 ± 0.28 | 1.19 ± 0.23 |
LDL cholesterol, mmol L−1 | 3.33 ± 0.84 | 3.42 ± 0.86 | 3.22 ± 0.89 | 3.39 ± 0.80 |
HOMA-IR (IQR)d | 4.45 (3.05–5.77) | 4.14 (2.98–5.70) | 3.74 (2.60–5.67) | 3.51 (2.55–4.85) |
HOMA-β (IQR)e | 53.46 (33.10–91.25) | 44.07 (33.55–70.10) | 52.09 (31.44–76.21) | 49.62 (29.76–75.24) |