Fig. 2: The influence of interfacial adhesion properties on the one-droplet 3D printing process.
a Scheme of the experimental setup for the one-droplet 3D printing process. Inset is the scheme of the UV pattern employed in Fig. 2. vm and θE are the maximum velocity and the equal contact angle on the curing interface for smooth droplet retraction. b, c Wettability and SEM characterization of the fluorinated quartz (F-quartz) surface, respectively. d Optical captures of the UV curing process on the F-quartz surface. e Optical image of the cured structure remaining on the F-quartz surface. f Scheme of the generation of the pure solid–solid interface on the F-quartz surface. g Scheme of the pure solid–solid adhesive force. h, i Wettability and SEM characterization of the superamphiphobic surface, respectively. j Optical captures of the UV curing process on the superamphiphobic surface. k SEM image of the sidewall of the cured structure on the superamphiphobic surface, which displays a striped pattern along the printing direction. l Scheme of the generation of a solid-air-solid composite interface on the superamphiphobic surface. m Scheme of the composite adhesive force comprises solid–solid and solid–gas adhesive force. n, o Wettability and SEM characterization of the S-PDMS surface, respectively. p Optical captures of the UV curing process on the S-PDMS surface to form a columnar structure. q SEM image of the smooth sidewall of the cured structure on the S-PDMS surface. r Scheme of the generation of a solid-liquid-solid composite interface on the S-PDMS surface. s Scheme of the composite adhesive force comprised from solid–solid and solid-lubricant adhesive force. t The time-variant width change of the left and right edges on the structure constructed from one-droplet, with vat polymerization process as control. Blue and black lines represent width change curves of the one-droplet and the vat polymerization process, respectively. Circles and squares represent the left and right edges of the printed structure, respectively. u The time-variant D/Ddesign ratio of one-droplet printing, with the vat polymerization process as control. Blue and black lines represent D/Ddesign ratio change curves of the one-droplet and the vat polymerization process, respectively.
