Fig. 5: Vav2 controls a protumorigenic stem cell-like program in keratinocytes.

a Main functional categories encoded by the Vav2^Onc-dependent transcriptome. For all of them, P < 0.001 (Fisher’s exact test). b Gene signatures dysregulated in the Vav2^Onc-dependent transcriptome. FDR q value < 0.0001 (GSEA statistical test). NES normalized enrichment score. Negative and positive enrichments are indicated with downward and upward arrows, respectively. c Time-course showing the changes in the thickness (left) and BrdU incorporation (right) of the epidermis of mice of the indicated genotypes in response to topic applications of TPA. **P = 0.002 (epidermal thickness, 24 h), 0.009 (BrdU incorporation, 24 h); ***P < 0.0001 (all other tests) using two-tailed Student’s t-test, n = 3 independent experiments). d Representative image (left panel) and quantification (middle panel) of the number of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) colonies generated by keratinocytes of the indicated genotypes upon transduction with the Yamanaka’s cocktail. As a control, the quantification of the pluripotency marker Nanog in the cultures is shown (right panel). ***P < 0.0001 (two-tailed Student’s t-test, n = 3 independent experiments). e Fraction of the upregulated (top panels) and downregulated (bottom panels) Vav2^Onc/Onc-driven transcriptome showing conservation with mouse cSCC (left panels), human cSCC (middle panels), and human hnSCC (right panels) transcriptomes. The number of tumor samples is indicated at the bottom. The level of conserved probe sets (CPS) is shown on the right of each panel. AK, actinic keratosis. f GSEA of the indicated gene sets (top) in the Vav2^Onc/Onc-regulated transcriptome. The NES and FDR values are indicated within each graph (GSEA statistical test). Positive enrichments are indicated with upward arrows. The conversion of mouse to human probe set has been made using the hgu133plus2 platform. In c and d, data are given as the mean ± SEM. Source data for this figure are provided as a Source Data file.