Fig. 4: SD or REMD prevents FC-induced neuronal activity reduction.

a Schematic of experimental design. After fear conditioning, mice were either allowed to sleep or subjected to sleep/REM sleep deprivation. Two-photon Ca²⁺ imaging was performed to assess the effect of sleep/REM sleep on somatic activity of layer 5 pyramidal neurons in FrA. b Somatic Ca²⁺ activity of layer 5 pyramidal neurons in FrA before (left) and after (right) 4-h sleep. ΔF/F₀ was summed to measure somatic Ca²⁺ activity over 30 s. Scale bar: 5 μm. 3 traces: somatic Ca²⁺ activities of cells on the top. Ca²⁺ fluorescence traces over 30 s are shown. c The integrated somatic Ca²⁺ activity during 30-s CS presentation was significantly decreased after FC and 4-h undisturbed sleep (n = 309 cells from 4 mice, P < 0.0001, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, two-sided). d Somatic Ca²⁺ activity of layer 5 pyramidal neurons in FrA before (left) and after (right) 4-h SD. e SD for 4 h significantly prevented the reduction of neuronal activity (n = 122 cells from 5 mice, P = 0.5911, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, two-sided). f Somatic activity of layer 5 pyramidal neurons in FrA before (left) and after (right) 4 h of REMD. g REMD over 4 h significantly prevented the reduction of neuronal activity (n = 195 cells from 3 mice, P = 0.1277, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, two-sided). ***P < 0.001. Data are presented as mean ± s.e.m. Source data for (c), (e), and (g) are provided as a Source Data file.