Fig. 3: Genome-wide SNP FPVD analyses.

a Superior 3-line hybrids (n = 415). b Simulated inferior 3-line hybrids (n = 61,619). c Superior 2-line hybrids (n = 136). d Simulated inferior 2-line hybrids (n = 51,114). The inferior 3-line hybrids are the results of simulated crosses between 294 3R and 211 CMS accessions for the 3-line system, with the real superior 3-line hybrids excluded. The inferior 2-line hybrids are the results of simulated crosses between 275 3R + 2R restorers and 110 GMSs, with the real superior 2-line hybrids excluded. Some agronomically important genes located in the loci that we identified are labeled. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.