Fig. 3: Ferroelectric and energy storage performance of ANTx ceramics, and their breakdown analysis.

a The P–E loops. b Composition-dependent energy storage properties (Wrec and η). c Weibull distribution of the breakdown electric field Eb on samples with thickness of ~0.15 mm. d The composition dependence of average grain size and Eb, the insets give the SEM micrographs of the AN and ANT55 ceramics, respectively. e UV–vis absorption spectra of AN and ANTx. The inset is the composition-dependent band gap Eg. f The composition-dependent polarizations (AN:190 kV cm−1; others:200 kV cm−1), the inset gives the field dependent dielectric permittivity (ε = dP/dE).