Fig. 1: Study design and seasonality.
From: Deep longitudinal multiomics profiling reveals two biological seasonal patterns in California
a. Integrative personal omics profiling (iPOP) cohort sampling and data collection for seasonal analyses. Omic assays included immune molecules profiling using Luminex assay, proteomics using sequential windowed acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion mass spectrometry (SWATH-MS), metabolomics using liquid chromatography (LC)—mass spectrometry, transcriptomics and microbial profiling (gut and nasal) using next-generation sequencing, in conjunction with clinical lab tests and meteorological measurements. b Subjects and sampling timepoints for each individual, as well as ethnicity (A: Asian, B; Black, C; Caucasian), insulin sensitive (IS) and insulin resistance (IR), and gender information (M: Male, F: Female). c Examples of omics analytes with seasonal patterns (transcripts, cytokines, metabolites, proteins, clinical lab tests, gut and nasal microbiome). The X-axis shows the days of the year (1–365 days) and Y-axis shows the normalized expression/abundance values. The samples are collected up to 4 years and aggregated and mapped to 1-year-long time frame. The shaded area represents 95% confidence bounds computed as ±1.96 standard deviation of model coefficients. Standard deviations were derived from a maximum likelihood fit.
