Table 1 Biomass and cell wall composition of CCR2(−/*) line 12 stems.

From: Tailoring poplar lignin without yield penalty by combining a null and haploinsufficient CINNAMOYL-CoA REDUCTASE2 allele

 

Wild type

CCR2(−/*) line 12

P value

Fresh weight with bark (g)

87.6 ± 23.9

87.0 ± 19.4

0.956

Fresh weight debarked (g)

57.4 ± 15.0

57.0 ± 13.1

0.940

Dry weight debarked (g)

18.8 ± 5.6

17.6 ± 4.6

0.582

Height (cm)

207.4 ± 14.2

198.2 ± 11.9

0.123

Diameter (mm)

11.4 ± 1.0

11.0 ± 0.8

0.427

CWR (% dry weight)

87.8 ± 0.7

87.4 ± 0.7

0.156

Cellulose (% CWR)

39.6 ± 3.8

39.5 ± 3.9

0.976

Matrix polysaccharides (%CWR)

37.8 ± 1.8

41.9 ± 3.1**

0.002

Total Klason lignin (% CWR)

31.1 ± 1.5

27.8 ± 0.9**

5.8 × 10−6

 Acid-insoluble Klason lignin (%CWR)

29.4 ± 1.5

26.0 ± 0.9**

3.4 × 10−6

 Acid-soluble Klason lignin (%CWR)

1.69 ± 0.10

1.82 ± 0.10**

0.008

Acetyl bromide lignin (%CWR)

17.1 ± 1.3

15.4 ± 0.7**

0.004

Thioacidolysis-released monomers

 H + G + S

15.9 ± 0.9

15.4 ± 0.5

0.092

 %H

1.6 ± 0.2

0.3 ± 0.1**

5.0 × 10−9

 %S

56.1 ± 0.5

56.7 ± 0.8

0.087

 %G

42.3 ± 0.5

43.0 ± 0.8*

0.020

 S/G

1.33 ± 0.03

1.32 ± 0.04

0.521

 %β-O-4-FA-I

0.013 ± 0.003

0.073 ± 0.016**

1.6 × 10−7

 %β-O-4-FA-II

0.006 ± 0.001

0.040 ± 0.005**

1.0 × 10−9

 %bis-β-O-4-FA

0.107 ± 0.040

0.818 ± 0.223**

6.2 × 10−7

 %G-aldehydes

1.0 ± 0.2

1.2 ± 0.1

0.097

NMR-derived aromatic units

 %H

0.54 ± 0.22

0.27 ± 0.06

0.113

 %S

59.7 ± 0.7

56.2 ± 1.4*

0.021

 %G

39.8 ± 0.6

43.5 ± 1.5*

0.016

 S/G

1.50 ± 0.04

1.29 ± 0.08*

0.015

 %pBA

6.3 ± 0.4

11.0 ± 0.6**

3.3 × 10−4

 %FM

0.0

0.2***

 

NMR-derived interunit linkages

 %β-Aryl ether (A)

83.7 ± 0.4

86.5 ± 1.3*

0.026

 %Phenylcoumaran (B)

6.0 ± 0.3

5.9 ± 1.1

0.826

 %Resinol (C)

10.2 ± 0.4

7.6 ± 0.2**

6.2 × 10−4

  1. Plants were grown for 20 weeks in the greenhouse. Stem diameter was determined 3 cm above soil level. At the time of harvest, the height, fresh weight (without leaves; with or without bark), and diameter of the stem were measured. After drying the debarked stems for 2 weeks, the dry weight was determined. Cell wall residue (CWR) was determined after sequential extraction of dry debarked stem material. Crystalline cellulose content was determined by the Updegraff method and the mass loss during TFA extraction was used as an estimate of the amount of matrix polysaccharides. Lignin content was determined by the Klason and acetyl bromide methods. Lignin composition was determined by 2D HSQC NMR and by thioacidolysis. The sum of H, G, and S is expressed in μmol per g Klason lignin. %H + %G + %S = 100; other units are expressed versus H + G + S. pBA: p-hydroxybenzoate; FM: ferulic acid marker (see Supplementary Fig. 3). Lignin interunit types (A–C), from uncorrected volume-integrals only, are expressed on an A + B + C = 100% basis. The data represent means ± standard deviation. **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05, two-tailed Student’s t-test. The exact P value is shown in the table. For NMR, wild type and CCR2(−/*) line 12, n = 3 biologically independent samples. For all other analysis, wild type, n = 10 biologically independent samples and CCR2(−/*) line 12, n = 11 biologically independent samples. Source data are provided as a Source data file.
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