Fig. 3: Multi-clonal invasion into adjacent organs and subsequent metastatic seeding in A22.

Subclones identified in each sample were considered in conjunction with the phylogenetic trees to distinguish invasive local spread, evolutionary progression, and origins of metastatic dissemination. a A compound phylogenetic/compartmental diagram where lineages can move between compartments (dotted lines, purple = local invasion, orange = distant spread) and undergo subclonal expansion (solid black lines). Compartments were Prostate, Seminal Vesicles, Bladder and Periphery as labeled. Subclones are denoted by circles colored by tissue type, with numbers corresponding to clusters in Supplementary Fig. 5. b Spread of metastatic lineage occurred first through transprostatic migration to the base of the prostate, then to seminal vesicles and then to the bladder. At least one metastatic lineage (corresponding to subclone 2) was seeded from the bladder, and lineages identified through subclones 4, 11, and 19 may have originated from either the bladder or seminal vesicles (denoted ‘origin uncertain’). An additional metastatic lineage (subclone 9) appeared to have seeded directly from the prostate.