Fig. 4: Leptin effects on heart rate and blood pressure.
From: Leptin alters energy intake and fat mass but not energy expenditure in lean subjects
a Seventy-two hours fed state or fasting + leptin or fasting + placebo (study 1, n = 13). P values of G (group: fed or fasting + placebo or fasting + leptin), T (time: days of study), and G*T interaction of mixed models adjusted for baseline are reported. b Seventy-two hours fasting treated with escalating leptin doses (study 2, n = 15). P values of D (dose: 0.01 or 0.1 or 0.3 mg/kg/d), T (time: hours of fasting), and D*T interaction of mixed models adjusted for baseline are reported. c Open-label long-term leptin treatment in mildly hypoleptinemic women (study 3, n = 7). P value (P) of paired t test is reported. d Placebo-controlled long-term leptin treatment in mildly hypoleptinemic women (study 4, n = 19 (leptin = 10; placebo = 9)). P values of G (group: placebo or leptin), T (time: weeks of study), and G*T interaction of mixed models adjusted for baseline are reported. No post hoc Bonnferroni test was performed since G*T > 0.05 (studies 1 and 4) and D*T > 0.05 (study 2). All P values are two-sided. Data are demonstrated as means ± SEMs. Exact P values: b HR T = 0.001 × 10−17; SBP T = 0.003 × 10−1; DBP T = 0.002 × 10−2; MBP T = 0.002 × 10−2.
