Fig. 6: Comprehensive pathway optimization and fed-batch fermentation.

a Effect of tMPBQMT overexpression under different promoters and SAM2 overexpression on δ-tocotrienol and γ-tocotrienol yields. In YS-M4, tMPBQMT was expressed under PGAL10. In YS-M5, tMPBQMT was overexpressed under PIDI1 and SAM2 was overexpressed under PGAL1. b Yield and composition of tocotrienols in the engineered yeast strains after stepwise pathway optimization. c Time courses of cell growth, tocotrienols production and consumption of carbon sources during fed-batch fermentation of tocotrienols by YS-M5(+). d Composition of tocotrienols produced by the end of YS-M5(+) fermentation. T3, tocotrienol. All values presented are the means of three biological replicates, and error bars represent standard deviations. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.