Fig. 2: Tree mortality rates in Amazonia.

a Stem mortality rates per region. b Mean proportions and 95% confidence intervals (error bars) of dead trees found standing or broken/uprooted (faded colours). c Stem mortality rates for trees that died standing. d Stem mortality rates for trees that died broken or uprooted. Different colours represent the four Amazonian geological regions: Northern (green), East-Central (red), Western (yellow) and Southern (blue). Mortality rates per plot were calculated as the mean value per plot across all censuses weighted by the census-interval length. In a, c and d, boxplots show the median, 25th and 75th quantile and whiskers represent 5th and 95th quantile or mortality rates across plots. Letters in a–d show the results from post hoc Tukey’s tests comparing the proportions and rates among the different regions. Note that in b comparisons are independent for standing and for broken/uprooted dead trees. The proportion in b and the mortality rates in c, d were calculated based on 125 plots where at least 50% of dead trees and at least 5 trees had their mode of death registered.