Fig. 3: Electron transfers between oxides and sulfur species.
From: Dual redox mediators accelerate the electrochemical kinetics of lithium-sulfur batteries
a Electron transfer pathways at the sulfur cathode with the presence of electron-ion reservoirs. Li2Sn molecules and LiSm radicals are in solvated states. Schematic illustration of electrochemical and chemical reaction coupling strategy to enhance electrochemical kinetics during b discharging and c charging process. Tafel plot of RGO, Nb2O5, MnO2 composites in 50 mM Li2S6 catholyte during d cathodic scan and e anodic scan. Niobium 3d spectrum of f LiNb2O5 and g LiNb2O5–Li2S6 composites. Sulfur 2p spectrum of h LiNb2O5–Li2S6 composites and i MnO2–Li2S6 composites. Manganese 2p spectrum of j MnO2 and k MnO2–Li2S6 composites. l XPS depth profiling of Nb2O5 electrode in 50 mM Li2S6 catholyte at 2.4 V vs. (Li/Li+) during discharging.
