Fig. 7: Clearance of mitochondrial MAVS clusters by Mff.

a Confocal microscopic images of MAVS and mitochondria. WT MEFs were transfected with poly(I:C)-LMW (1 μg/mL) for the indicated times. Cells were stained with MitoTracker Red (mitochondria; red) and immunostained with an anti-MAVS antibody (green). Nuclei were stained with Hoechst 33342 (blue). A magnified view of the boxed region is shown in the right panel. Scale bars: 10 μm (whole) and 2 μm (magnified). b WT, Mff KO, and Drp1 KO MEFs were stained with MitoTracker Red (mitochondria; red) and immunostained with an anti-MAVS antibody (green) with poly(I:C)-LMW (1 μg/mL) transfection for 8 h. Nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). A magnified view of the boxed region is shown in the right panel. Scale bars: 10 μm. c The percentage of cells with cytoplasmic MAVS (MAVS signal without MitoTracker Red) was calculated. Data represent means ± SEM of three independent experiments (WT, Mff KO, Drp1 KO; n = 18, 18, 19, P values; two-tailed unpaired t test). d Working hypothesis for the mitochondrial membrane subdomains with MAVS clusters in antiviral innate immunity, dynamically regulated by the mitochondrial fission factor Mff and AMPK. All microscopic analyses were repeated independently more than three times with similar results. Source data are provided as a Source data file.