Fig. 5: Design of a pathway-independent and full-autonomous global resource allocation strategy.

a Comparing normalized fluorescence of GFP-N and GFP-M driven by QVX systems. PluxI I11 indicated engineered PluxI promoter of I11. QVX Pi GFP(M) or QVX Pi GFP(N) indicated normalized fluorescence of GFP(M) or GFP(N) driven by QVX system using Pi promoter for LuxR and LuxI expression (i = 1–6). b The impact of different triggering times of MazF expression on fluorescence dynamics driven by QVX system using P1–P6 promoters (B1–B6) for LuxR and LuxI expression. QEX Pi MazF indicated introducing MazF driven by QEX circuit using Pi promoter for CcfA expression into control strains harboring QVX Pi GFP(M) circuits (i = 1–6). c The impact of MazF expression on fluorescence fold change. d The effect of protecting QS system components from MazF on fluorescence fold change. QVX P2 GFP(M) indicated GFP(N) expression driven by QVX system using P2 promoter for LuxR and LuxI expression. QVX P2 GFP(M), QEX P3 MazF indicated introducing QEX P3 MazF circuit into strains harboring QVX P2 GFP(M) circuit. LuxI(M), LuxR(M) indicated replacing LuxI and LuxR with LuxI(M) and LuxR(M) in strains harboring QVX P2 GFP(M), QEX P3 MazF. CcfA(M), PrgX(M), PrgZ(M) indicated replacing CcfA, PrgX, and PrgZ with CcfA(M), PrgX(M), and PrgZ(M) in strains harboring QVX P2 GFP(M), QEX P3 MazF. LuxI(M), LuxR(M), CcfA(M), PrgX(M), PrgZ(M) indicated replacing LuxI, LuxR, CcfA, PrgX, and PrgZ with LuxI(M), LuxR(M), CcfA(M), PrgX(M), PrgZ(M) in strains harboring QVX P2 GFP(M), QEX P3 MazF. Pre-cultured recombinant cells were diluted to OD₆₀₀ of 0.01 in 96-well plate in 200 μL of MOPS medium on an Infinite M1000 PRO (Tecan, Switzerland) plate reader at 30 °C. Cell density and fluorescence were measured every 1 h for 30 h. Values are shown as mean ± SD (n = 3 biological replicates). Source data are available in the Source data file.