Fig. 3: Structure and SOC distribution of the cycled cathode particles.

(a) Comparison of the cycling stability of NCM electrodes in the ASSLBs and LELBs at 0.5 C after activation. (b, c) Typical SEM images of the cycled NCM electrodes in the ASSLBs, scale bar, 2 μm, 3μm. (d) 2D TXM-XANES mapping of cycled NCM particle in the ASSLBs, and (e) diagram of the effects of cracks on lithium transportation. (f) 2D TXM-XANES mapping of cycled NCM particle in the LELBs, and (g) diagram of the slight effects of microcracks on lithium transportation. Scale bar, 10 μm.