Fig. 6: The differing metabolisms of butyrate-producers in the colon microbiome of pigs fed AcGGM.
From: Microbiota-directed fibre activates both targeted and secondary metabolic shifts in the distal gut
A plethora of MAGs affiliated with putative butyrate-producers was recovered from the pig colon metagenome, which varied in their fiber-degrading capacity and detected activity in either the control (C) or 4% AcGGM (M) diets. Here, we present a representative selection of populations that: encoded specific AcGGM-degrading capabilities (MAG041 and MAG243), were abundant across both diets with no apparent effect (MAG292), were significantly enriched in pigs fed the control diet (MAG133, MAG324, and MAG269), and encoded an alternative pathway for butyrate production (via Butyrate kinase) (MAG324). GTBD-Tk inferred taxonomy (recently reclassified Roseburia species are denoted as Agathobacter), MAG relative abundance (control: black circles, AcGGM: green circles, p-value: MAG041 = 0.002, MAG243 = 5.84E−06, MAG292 = 0.98, MAG133 = 0.051, MAG324 = 0.120, MAG269 = 0.035) and MAG-centric metaproteomic enrichment analysis is indicated (see Fig. 4c, significant differences denoted by adjusted p-values: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.001, MAG041 = 3.4E−03, MAG243 = 8.5E−19, MAG292 = 5.2E−06, MAG133 = 2.8E−18, MAG324 = 4.9E−02, MAG269 = 1.9E−05). MAG enrichment analysis was performed using the hypergeometric distribution function phyper in R with the false discovery rate controlled at 5% using the function p.adjust with method = ‘BH’. CAZymes (GH, CE, and GT) involved in the catabolism of the listed polysaccharides are grouped according to box color and their specific activities are described on www.cazy.org. Enzymes associated with acetate and butyrate metabolic pathways are listed as EC (enzyme commission) numbers. Corresponding functions can be found on https://www.genome.jp/kegg/kegg2.html.
