Fig. 4: T9 CAR-T cells exhibit enhanced antitumor activity against established tumor in vivo.

a NSG mice were intravenously injected with 1 × 10⁶ NALM6 cells. Seven days later, mice were randomly assigned to three groups and were infused intravenously with 4 × 10⁶ CD3⁺ CAR-T cells. b Tumor burden measured by bioluminescence at indicated days since CAR-T cell infusion. c Tumor burden (total flux) quantified by photons/s in mice treated with PBS or CAR-T cells at indicated days since CAR-T cell infusion. d Kaplan–Meyer plot showing mouse survival. Exact p values from log-rank test are shown for T1 versus T9 CAR-T cell-treated mice, and data shown are representative of two independent experiments. e Representative flow plots showing the frequency of CD3⁺ CAR-T cells in blood of treated mice at day 8 after CAR-T infusion. Total number of CD3⁺ CAR-T cells in f blood (n = 5 mice) or g spleen (n = 4 mice at day 4, n = 5 mice at other days) of treated mice at different days since CAR-T infusion. h Percentage of bone marrow-infiltrating CAR-T cells identified by CD3⁺GFP⁺ T cells at day 8 after transfer. Representative plots (left panels) and summarized results (n = 5 mice; right panels) are shown. Data are presented as mean ± SD. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001, two-sided Student’s t-test. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.